How do AI agents communicate with one another in multi-agent systems?

AI agents in multi-agent systems communicate through defined protocols that specify how messages are formatted, sent, and received. Common methods include using message-passing frameworks, shared blackboards, or service-oriented architectures. Agents may exchange information about their states, intentions, and actions, facilitating collaboration or competition. Effective communication allows agents to coordinate tasks, share knowledge, and achieve complex goals collectively, enhancing the overall performance of the system.